Otchet Po Praktike Uchastkovogo Milicii

• 1 This refers to the story of Captain Groshev’s conviction for publishing results of a survey of stud 1 On December 24, 2009 President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree “On measures to improve the work of Internal Affairs Authorities of the Russian Federation” that became the first step towards reforming the country’s police. This decision came amidst continuous negative media coverage of the Ministry of Internal Affairs’ work throughout 2009, contributing to the deep public distrust of the police. Media coverage and sociological studies alike have confirmed the inefficiency and corruption of the police as a state institution; these reports have inevitably influenced public opinion regarding police work in Russia resulting in the emergence of a public consensus on the necessity to reform the police.

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This article presents a brief overview of the sociological literature on the main themes of the public discussion of the Russian police over the last twenty years. It then examines the results of a study of police work in St. P etersburg and Kazan on the eve of President Medvedev’s 2010–2011 police reform. • 2 For example, the Institute of Internal Affairs–All-Russian Research Institute of Ministry of Intern 2 Since 1991, Russian scholars have published over a hundred works (journal articles, books, bulletins, monographs) concerning various aspects of police work. Several Russian research groups have initiated sociological studies of the police, but rarely in collaboration with one another; thus the “sociology of the Russian police” has been divided among various institutions, in an example of the discipline’s “institutional dividedness” in Russia. Notwithstanding occasional studies by unaffiliated sociologists from academic and scientific institutions, research on the police generally has been conducted by various sociological groups by request, on behalf of either (often international) human rights NGOs and donor organizations or experts representing think tanks within the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).

Most of the published research has been thematically fragmented and relies primarily on quantitative studies; in-depth qualitative studies remain an exception. 3 Of the various groups producing studies on the police, each has been guided by its own set of research interests.

For example, Russia’s largest polling organizations (Levada Center, Demos Center, the Center for Independent Social Research, Iuriks) and human rights NGOs (Memorial, Citizen Watch, the Committee Against Torture, Public Verdict Foundation) have focused on gathering information on patterns of police interaction with the population, cases of civil rights violations by the police, sociological measurements of occupational risks, interaction among police officers, and public attitudes on the course of the police reform. By contrast, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has been interested in media portrayals of the police and internal problems facing the police forces.

Finally, academics tend to focus on corruption trends within the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the judicial system. • 3 In 2007, Captain Groshev, an instructor at the Tyumen Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs 4 Most of these studies remain unpublished, and whenever the findings of a study on the police do get published, the researchers are at risk of being sued by the authorities. For example, after publishing his research on corruption among police cadets, Tyumen Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs professor Igor Groshev was fined 2 000 rubles by local authorities and required to admit that his publications were based on false evidence.